Define the term “computer literacy”.
Ans: Computer literacy is the ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering levels from elementary use to programming and advanced problem solving.Computer Fundamentals,qbasic programming solutions , SLC / SEE computer science questions solved , qbasic programming,Computer Networks ,Operating Systems, Word Processing (MS Word),Spreadsheet Calculation (MS Excel),Presentation Systems (MS PowerPoint),Database Management System (MS Access)
Monday 19 April 2021
Define information clearly.
1.
Define information clearly.
Ans: Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
What do you know about instruction?
What do you know about instruction?
Ans: An instruction is an order given to a computer processor by a computer program.
What is meant by Computer?
What is meant by Computer?
Ans : A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program.
What is Computer Science?
1.
What is Computer Science?
Computer science is the study of processes that interact
with data and that can be represented as data in the form
of programs.
Define the term data
Define the term data.
Ans : Data can
be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a
formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing, by human or electronic machine.
Tuesday 13 April 2021
Monday 5 April 2021
Class IX Solution
Chapter-4
Secondary
Storage Media
1. Fill in the blanks:
a.
Magnetic tape is a plastic tape usually half an inch wide,
coated on one side with iron oxide which can be magnetized.
b.
Magnetic tape is a sequential storage device.
c.
Examples
of optical disks are CD
ROM
and DVD.
d.
A
magnetized spot represents 1 (bit) and the absence of a magnetized spot
represents 0
(bit).
e.
Flash
memory is non
volatile
memory.
2.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
a.
The
secondary storage device that follows the sequential mode of access is a
magnetic disk. FALSE
b.
Optical
disk is made by plastic material. FALSE
c.
The
new high-performance hard disks rotate at 720 rpm - 1000 rpm. FALSE
d.
The
CD-ROM is a kind of magnetic disk. FALSE
e.
The
word bits is a contraction of two words binary and digits. TRUE
3.
Give the full forms of the following abbreviations:
CD-ROM = Compact Disk Read Only Memory
DVD = Digital Video / Versatile Disk
MB = Megabyte
GB = Gigabyte
BITS = Binary Digits
CD-RW = Compact Disk Rewritable
WORM = Written Once and Read Many times
4.
Match the following:
|
GROUP
A |
GROUP
B |
|
BIT |
The smallest unit of information on a
machine and a single bit can hold only one of two values: 0 and 1 |
|
Nibble |
A collection of four bits |
|
Byte |
A location in computer
memory consisting of eight adjacent bits |
|
Megabyte |
The standard unit of
measurement for RAM which is equal to 1024 kilobytes |
|
Gigabyte |
The standard unit of
measurement for hard disks which is equal to 1024 megabytes |
5.
Name the technical terms for each of the following
statements:
a.
A
non volatile storage medium that can store all the data and instructions even
after the computer is turned off.
➭ Secondary Storage Media / Memory
b.
A
plastic tape usually half -an - inch wide, coated on one side with iron oxide,
which can be magnetized.
➭ Magnetic Tape
c.
Disk
storage system consists of a rotating disk.
➭ Hard Disk
d.
A
storage medium from which data is read and to which it is written by lasers.
➭ Optical Disk
e.
A
location in computer memory consisting of eight adjacent bits.
➭ Byte
6.
Choose the best alternatives for each of the following:
a.
An
example of sequential storage media is Magnetic Tape.
b.
Storage
cost of the optical disk is Very Low.
c.
The
hard disk is Secondary Memory.
d.
A
storage media that stores data permanently is called Non - Volatile memory.
7.
Answer the following questions:
a.
What is secondary storage? State at least two advantages
of it.
ANSWER: A non volatile type of memory which is
cheaper and slower and have huge storage capacity is called Secondary storage.
Two advantages of secondary memory is as follows:
·
Non Volatile: It is non volatile in nature. It does not
lose its contents even when the power supply to the computer is terminated. It
does not require a continuous power supply as the primary memory does.
·
Capacity: Secondary storage media can store a large
amount of data and programs in sets of disks that take up less space.
b. What is a magnetic tape?
Why is it called sequential access media?
ANSWER:
A secondary storage medium which is used to
store data, information for future reference which is used in mini , mainframe
or super computers is called magnetic tape.
Magnetic tape is also called sequential
access media or device because it is in a sequential nature. It stores and
accesses the data and information sequentially.
c. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of magnetic tape?
ANSWER:
Advantages of Magnetic Tapes:
·
Magnetic
tapes are easily transportable because they are light and compact in size.
·
They
are the cheapest mode of offline data storage.
·
Magnetic
Tapes are very durable. They can be erased as well as reused.
Disadvantages of Magnetic Tapes:
·
Data
transmission in magnetic tapes is slow as compared to magnetic disks.
·
Magnetic
tapes should be kept in a dust free environment and away from chemicals as they
can cause tape reading errors.
·
Magnetic
tape is in sequential nature.
d. What is flash memory? Why
is it popular?
ANSWER:
A non volatile memory which is similar to EEPROM and can
store a large amount of data is called flash memory.
Flash memory is more popular because of its small size
and portability with huge storage capacity and can be used in wide range of
consumer devices, including USB flash drives, mobile phones, digital cameras ,
tablet computers, PC cards in notebook computers.
e. List any three advantages
and disadvantages of magnetic disks as a secondary storage media.
ANSWER:
Three advantages of magnetic disks are as follows:
- It is most widely used and popular
storage mediums for direct access secondary storage.
- The data in magnetic disk can be
erased and reused.
- The disk is covered within a
protective case or cartridge to shield it from the dust and other external
interference.
Three Disadvantages of
magnetic disks are as follows:
- Data can be altered by magnetic
fields, dust, mechanical problems
- Gradually lose their charge over
time - data lost
- Hard disks eventually fail which
stops the computer from working.
- Regular crashes can damage the
surface of the disk, leading to loss of data in that sector.
f. What is an optical disk?
Which technology is used to read/write on to optical disk?
ANSWER:
A storage system consists of a rotating disk, which is
coated with a thin metal or some other highly reflective material is called
optical disk.
Laser beam technology is used to read/write on to optical
disk.
g. What is a CD-ROM?
ANSWER:
An optical disk where data is written once and read many
times (WORM) which is a shiny, silver colour metal disk of 12 cm diameter is
called CD-ROM. It is made up of a resin , such as polycarbonate material.
h. List any two advantages and
disadvantages of optical disks as a secondary storage media.
ANSWER:
Two advantages of optical
disks are as follows:
·
An
optical disk is tougher than tapes of floppy disks. It is physically harder to
break, melt or wrap.
·
The
cost of a optical disk is very low. Because of their low cost and enormous
storage capacity, they are used widely.
Two Disadvantages of
optical disks are as follows:
·
The
data access speed of an optical disk is slower than in the speed of a magnetic
disk.
·
Reading
writing procedures are more difficult in optical disks than magnetic disks.
i. Differentiate between
sequential access and random access media with one example each.
ANSWER:
|
Sequential
Access Media |
Random
Access Media |
|
1. The media in which we
access the data and information sequentially i.e. one after another is called
Sequential Access Media. |
1. The media in which we
access the data and information randomly i.e. from start , end or from middle
is called Random Access Media. |
|
2. Examples: Magnetic
Tape |
2. Examples: Hard Disk |
j. What is a byte? How much
bytes are there in 3MB?
ANSWER:
A location in computer
memory consisting of eight adjacent bits is called a byte.
1 MB = 1024 KB = 1024 *
1024 bytes = 1048576 bytes
3 MB = 3 * 1048576 =
3145728 bytes
k. What is a nibble? How many
nibbles are there in 8 bytes?
ANSWER:
A collection of four bits is called a nibble.
Here,
1 Byte = 8 bits
8 Bytes = 8 x 8 = 64 Bits
Also, 4
Bits = 1 Nibble
1
Bit = 14 Nibble
64
Bits =
14x 64
= 16 Nibble
Hence, 8 Bytes = 16 Nibble. Answer
***** END OF CHAPTER - 4 *****
Ans of (IX) Chapter 6
1.
Fill in the blanks:
a.
Software
instructs the hardware what to display on the user’s screen.
b.
System
software provides a platform for other programs to run onto them.
c.
Programming
languages are used in the development of software.
d.
An
interpreter translates a statement into a program and executes the
statement immediately.
e.
System
utility software performs tasks related to the maintenance of the
computer system.
f.
A
programming language is a primary interface of a programmer with a
computer.
g.
Language
translators translate the instructions prepared by programmers in a
programming language.
h.
Package
software performs specific tasks for the verities of users.
2.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
.
Software
is classified into two categories. True
a.
System
software supports the execution of other application software. True
b.
An
interpreter translates the whole program at a time. False
c.
The
compiler translates one instruction at a time. False
d.
Every
computer needs operating system software. True
e.
Compilers
and interpreters are used to translate the high level language programs to the
machine code. True
f.
The
assembly language program doesn’t need a language translator. False
g.
Application
software is designed to do a specific job for the user. True
3.
Select the best answer for the following:
.
A
computer system is incomplete without:
i.Joystick
ii.Multimedia
iii.Software
iv.Mouse
a.
A
software is collection of:
.Data
i.Programs
ii.Instructions
iii.Errors
b.
A
language translator that translates instructions of high level languages to the
machine code line by line:
.Compiler
i.Interpreter
ii.Assembler
iii.Language Convert
c.
An
example of tailored software is:
.MS Word
i.QBASIC
ii.Result Processing
Software
iii.MS Windows
d.
The
software that looks the entire source code and converts to the machine code:
.Assembler
i.Interpreter
ii.Compiler
iii.None
4.
Write the technical terms of the following:
.
Instructs
the hardware what to display on the user's screen
Ans: Software
b.
The
software which is responsible for performing basic task such as input from the
keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping tracks of files and
directories on the disk
Ans: Operating System Software
c.
Translates
the source code of high level language into the object code
Ans: Language Translator
d.
The
software which is used to support, improve , expand and secure the existing
programs and data in the computer system
Ans: Utility Software
e.
Translates
an assembly program into machine level program
Ans: Assembler
5.
Answer the following questions:
a.
What is software? Why is it necessary on the computer?
ANSWER:
A set of program written in a programming
language for a computer to perform a particular task is called Software.
Software is necessary for computer because
it instructs the hardware what to do, how to do it and when to do it . Without
software computer can not run at all.
b.
What is system software? What is its function?
ANSWER:
The software that contributes to the
control and performance of the computer system and permits the user to use the
system more conveniently is called system software.
The main function of the system software is
responsible for the management and accurate functioning of the computer system.
It also provides a platform for other programs to run onto them.
c.
What is operating system software? Define its role.
ANSWER:
An organized collection of programs that
controls the overall operation of the computer system is called operating
system.
Examples of operating systems are: MS-DOS,
Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Linux, Mac OS, and UNIX etc.
Operating
system plays a role of interface between the user and computer hardware.
d.
What is meant by language translator? Name different
types of language translators.
ANSWER:
The system software which transform the
instructions prepared by a programmer's in a programming language into a form
of 0s and 1s is called language translator.
There are three types of language
translator:
·
Assembler
·
Interpreter
·
Compiler
e.
What is application software? Why is it designed?
ANSWER:
The program which is designed to do only
specific task is called application software. The application software made for
one purpose can’t do other task. For example: - accounting of your college can
not prepare the result sheet of your college. Application system works on
system software.
Application software is designed because
tasks of computer will be different for the various user.
f.
Differentiate between packaged software and customized
software.
ANSWER:
|
Packaged
Software |
Customized Software |
|
1. The
software which is mainly designed by software companies to generalize the
tasks is called Packaged Software. |
1. The
software which is designed by software companies for specific task is called
Customized software. |
|
2. Examples:
Microsoft Word, Microsoft Powerpoint etc. |
2. Examples:
SEE result system of Nepal, Electricity Billing system of Nepal etc. |
g.
What is interpreter?
ANSWER:
Language translator, which analyses and
executes the source code written in high level language in a line by line
manner, without looking at entire program is called interpreter.
h.
What is utility software? Give an example.
ANSWER:
The collection of programs
which perform day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the computer
system is called utility software. This is used to support, improve, expand and
secure the existing programs and data in the computer system.
Some Examples of Utility
Software:
·
Virus
Scanning Software
·
Backup
Software
·
Scan
Disk
·
Disk
Defragmenter Software etc
i.
Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
ANSWER:
|
Compiler |
Interpreter |
|
1. A compiler
is a program which translates a high level program to machine language at
once. |
1.
Interpreter is a program which translates a statement of high level language
program to machine language. |
|
2. Program
execution time is more before producing executable program. |
2. It can
execute immediately. |
|
3. It
occupies larger part of memory. |
3. It
occupies less memory space because it is smaller program in comparison to
compiler. |
|
4. It is
faster because it runs executable programs. |
4. It is
slower because it repeats the process from the beginning. |
|
5. Examples:
C, C++,FORTRAN etc. |
5. Examples:
BASIC, LISP etc. |
j.
Differentiate between source program and object program.
ANSWER:
|
Source
Program |
Object Program |
|
1. The
program written by a user using a programming language is called source
program. |
1. The
translated program which is in binary form is called object program. |
|
2. It will be
either in assembly or high level language. |
2. It will be
machine language i.e. in 0 and 1 form. |
k.
Why do computers need utility software?
ANSWER:
Computers need utility software because for
day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the computer system is done by
utility software. Without utility software we can not perform any type of tasks
in a computer system.
l.
Why is tailored software demanded by the user or an
organization?
ANSWER:
Each user or organization
have different types of task for their day to day work. As tasks is different
from each other , software is also need to be different. This problem is well
addressed by the tailored software. That’s why, tailored software is demanded
by the user or organization.
m.
What is programming language?
ANSWER:
A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules
for instructing a computer to perform specific task is called programming
language.
n.
What is open source software?
ANSWER:
The practice of making the source code for
a software product freely available , at no cost, to the interested users and
developers , even though they were not involved in creating the original
product is called open source software.
-----The
End----
Ans of (IX) Ch-7
Operating System
Chapter - 7 Operating
System
1.
Answer the following questions:
a.
What is an operating system?
ANSWER:
A collection of the system programs that
together control and coordinate the operation of a computer system is called
operating system. It acts as an intermediate between a user and the computer
hardware.
b.
What are the functions of an operating system? Explain in
brief.
ANSWER:
The functions of an operating system are as
follows:
1.
Memory Management: As a memory manager, the operating system
takes care of the allocation and deallocation of the memory space to the
various programs.
2.
File Management: As a file manager, the operating system
takes care of the file- related activities such as organization, storing,
retrieval, sharing , protection of files etc.
3.
Process Management: As a process manager, the operating system
takes care of the creation and deletion of the processing schedule of various
systems resources and makes communication among processing.
4.
Command Interpretation: As a command interpretation manager, the
operating system takes care of interpreting user, commands, and directing the
system resources to hand the request.
5.
Security: As a security manager, the operating system
protects the resources and information of the computer system against
destruction and unauthorized access.
6.
User Interface: The operating system provides the
interface between the user and the hardware. The user interface is the layer
that actually interacts with the computer operator. The interface consists of a
set of commands or menus through which a user communicates with a program.
c.
What is windows operating system?
ANSWER:
One of the popular operating system
software programs for PCs(Personal Computer) developed by Microsoft Company,
USA based on GUI( Graphical User Interface) is called windows operating
system.
d.
What is the importance of windows operating system?
ANSWER:
The importance of windows operating system
are as follows:-
1.
It
is based on GUI. Every item is in the graphical form.
2.
It
makes easy to use computer
3.
It
is easier to manage the computer resources. (Set Up, administrator, support)
4.
It
helps to run the multiple programs at a time.
5.
It
allows a long file name.
6.
It
produces highly reliable communication in the internet.
e.
How long file name is accepted by windows?
ANSWER:
Windows can accept 255 characters for the
file name.
f.
What is meant by GUI?
ANSWER:
The operating system in which the user can
supply the commands and instructions from the menu option using a pointing
device called mouse is known as GUI.
g.
What is desktop?
ANSWER:
The overall working area while you are in
windows is called desktop.
h.
What is an icon?
ANSWER:
A graphical image with a name under it
which helps the user to recognize the software is called icon.
i.
What is the use of icons in windows?
ANSWER:
The icon is used to represent the folders,
files, documents and programs.
j.
What is the task bar?
ANSWER:
A graphical toolbar in windows which is
located at the bottom of your screen when you start windows for the first time
is called taskbar.
k.
What is the start button?
ANSWER:
The main component of the operating system
placed in the taskbar whose function is to open the main menu of the windows
and control the windows is called start button.
l.
Differentiate between application windows and document
windows of a program?
ANSWER:
|
Application Windows |
Document Windows |
|
1. The windows which displays the
executable windows program in GUI platform is called Application windows. |
1.The window that comes inside an
application window is called Document window. |
|
2. These types of windows can be
resized and moved within the desktop. |
2. These types of windows can be
moved just within an application window. |
m.
What is the function of shortcut?
ANSWER:
The function of shortcut is to link to a
document , program, folder or web page etc. that allows the user to find a file
or resource located in a different folder from the place where the shortcut is
placed.
n.
What is the folder?
ANSWER:
A container for programs and files in
windows operating system environment is called folder.
o.
What is the recycle bin?
ANSWER:
The special folder of the hard disk
represented by an icon with the recycling logo is called recycle bin.
p.
What is the function of the recycle bin?
ANSWER:
The function of the recycle bin is that it
allows user to browse deleted files, undelete those that were deleted by
mistake , or delete them permanently from the computer.
q.
What is a clipboard? What is its role.
ANSWER:
The temporary location of the windows
environment operating system is called clipboard.Its role is that it
allows to store texts, graphics, files and other items temporarily after using
the ‘CUT’ command to move and copy the items.
2. Write T for true and F
for false statement.
a.
Operating
system controls only the application software of the computer. FALSE
b.
Moving
refers to deleting an item from its previous location. TRUE
c.
Copying
procedure doesn’t leave the original information. FALSE
d.
Items
deleted from a disk go to the recycle bin. TRUE
e.
Shift+Del
key are used to delete items without sending to the recycle bin. TRUE
f.
There
are three scroll bars in the windows. FALSE
3. Write short notes on:
a.
Single User Operating System
An operating system that allows a single
user to perform one or more tasks at a time is called single user operating
system. By means, the single user operating system is classified into two
categories:-
(i). Single-User/single-Tasking operating
system
(ii). Single-User/Multi-User-tasking
operating system.
b.
Multi-User Operating System
Some operating systems allows a computer to
support several user at a time. In the Multi-User operating system, each user
works at a workstations connected to the main computer called server. The
computer can be macro, mini or mainframe. The types of OS(Operating System) of
the computer assigns each user a portion of RAM and divides the computer’s time
among the various users. The computer does small amount of work for one
user, then does a small amount of work for the next user and so on. Since,
the computer operates so quickly, each user feels that the computer is working
for him alone. Multi-Users OS may have hundreds of users at the same time. Unix
and Linux are examples of multi-users OS.
***** END OF
CHAPTER - 7 *****
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
-
Entrance Exam Question for Class 11 | CCRC Entrance Model Question - 2077 | Entrance Question for Grade XI -
Match the Following Networking and Telecommunication 1. [SLC 2064] a) Radio Wave ...
-
1. Define information clearly. Ans: Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver....